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Acute and Chronic Renal Failure

Jonathan Costa, DO ^*, Robert S. Crausman, MD, MMS  and Marc S. Weinberg, MD 

^* Department of Medicine, Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island and Brown Medical School, Pawtucket, RI.
Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island and Brown Medical School, Pawtucket, RI. Dr. Crausman is now with the Rhode Island Board of Medical Licensure and Discipline, Department of Health–Rhode Island, and Brown Medical School, Providence, RI.
Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine and Brown Medical School, Providence, RI.

Corresponding author: Jonathan Costa, DO, Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island, 111 Brewster St, Pawtucket, RI 02860.

Abstract

Renal failure is defined as a deterioration of kidney function that results in the retention of nitrogenous waste products. It is increasingly prevalent in older populations, individuals with diabetes or hypertension, and postoperative patients. Therefore, podiatric physicians caring for these populations can expect to encounter this condition frequently. This article describes the epidemiology, causes, complications, and appropriate evaluation of renal failure relevant to a practicing podiatric physician. Also highlighted are treatment considerations, renal dosing of medications, and prevention of contrast nephropathy. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 94(2): 168-176, 2004)