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Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association
Volume 98 Number 2 130-136 2008
Copyright © 2008 American Podiatric Medical Association

The Diabetic Person Beyond a Foot Ulcer

Healing, Recurrence, and Depressive Symptoms

Matteo Monami, MD, PhD *, Rosella Longo, MD *, Carla Maria Desideri, MD *, Giulio Masotti, MD *, Niccolò Marchionni, MD * and Edoardo Mannucci, MD *

* Geriatric Unit, Department of Critical Care Medicine and Surgery, University of Florence and Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy.

Corresponding author: Matteo Monami, MD, PhD, Geriatric Unit, Department of Critical Care, Ospedale di Careggi, Via delle Oblate 4, 50141 Florence, Italy. (E-mail: mmonami{at}libero.it)

Abstract

Background: Several studies have shown a significant relationship between depressive symptoms and wound healing, but these studies have not assessed the effects of depressive symptoms on diabetic foot prognosis. We specifically designed our study to assess the role of depressive symptoms in healing and recurrence of diabetic foot ulcers.

Methods: A consecutive series of 80 type 2 diabetic patients aged 60 years and older with foot ulcers was enrolled in a cohort observational study with a 6-month follow-up. Patients who healed within 6 months of enrollment were included in a 12-month follow-up study for assessment of ulcer recurrence. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the geriatric depression scale.

Results: Healing was associated with a smaller ulcer area, shorter delay between ulcer onset and treatment, lower glycosylated hemoglobin, and higher ankle-brachial index. Both smoking status and Texas and Wagner scores also had a significant impact on healing. Patients who healed had significantly lower scores on the geriatric depression scale, and those with scores = 10 had a significantly higher risk of not healing at 6 months (relative risk, 3.57; 95% confidence interval, 1.05–12.2). Patients with a recurrent ulcer (59.3%) showed significantly higher total cholesterol levels, higher scores on the Greenfield index of disease severity and geriatric depression scale, and a higher prevalence of cerebrovascular disease. Depressive symptoms maintained a significant association with persistence and recurrence of ulcer even after adjustment for confounders.

Conclusions: Depressive symptoms are associated with impaired healing and recurrence of ulcers in elderly type 2 diabetic patients. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 98(2): 130–136, 2008)






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Copyright © 2008 by the American Podiatric Medical Association.