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Effect of 7-Degree Rearfoot Varus and Valgus Wedging on Rearfoot Kinematics and Kinetics During the Stance Phase of Walking

Javier Pascual Huerta, DP ^*, Juan Manuel Ropa Moreno, DP ^*, Kevin A. Kirby, DPM , Francisco Javier García Carmona, DP  and Angel Manuel Orejana García, DP 

^* Department of Podiatry, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Department of Applied Biomechanics, California School of Podiatric Medicine, Oakland, CA.
Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Escuela Universitaria de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología, Madrid, Spain.

Corresponding author: Javier Pascual Huerta, DP, Department of Podiatry, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Pza. Francisco Morano, s/n, Madrid 28005, Spain. (E-mail: javier.pascual{at}uem.es)

Abstract

Background: The scientific evidence behind the mechanical function of foot orthoses is still controversial. Research studies that have investigated the kinematic effect of foot orthoses on the lower extremity have shown variable results, with orthoses causing either no significant change or a small significant change in foot kinematics.

Methods: The right limbs of 12 healthy asymptomatic individuals were studied in three walking conditions: barefoot, with a 7° rearfoot varus wedge, and with a 7° rearfoot valgus wedge. Kinematic and kinetic variables measured were the foot progression angle, the peak internal tibial rotation angle, and net ankle inversion moments during the stance phase in the three conditions.

Results: There were statistically significant differences in the foot progression angle between the barefoot and varus wedge conditions and between the varus and valgus wedge conditions. There were no significant changes in peak internal tibial rotation among the three conditions tested. However, rearfoot varus wedges significantly reduced net ankle inversion moments compared with barefoot and rearfoot valgus wedges.

Conclusions: These results support the idea that foot orthoses work by methods other than by changing kinematic parameters. The present study supports the concept that foot orthoses work primarily by altering kinetics, with their effects on kinematics being secondary. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 99(5): 415–421, 2009)